It explains how a body is created out of the darkness called ignorance; a karmic entity that meets precisely to that of realm, form, location, timing, parents, and quality of body enters it, and it rears itself believing it owns that body-mind (namarupa) permanently, with a strong ego attached to it. Then it ends up going back to that same darkness called ignorance. It keeps repeating the cycle of these same 12 linking processes until it finally understands there is no self by breaking the link.
- Ignorance (avidya,無明): The root cause of suffering, leading to the cycle of rebirth.
- Volitional Activities (sankhara,行): Actions and intentions arising from ignorance.
- Consciousness (vijnana,識): The mind that perceives and experiences.
- Name and Form (nama-rupa, 名色): The body and mind, arising from consciousness.
- Six Sense Bases (sadayatana, 六入): The six senses (sight, sound, smell, taste, touch, mind).
- Contact (sparsa,觸,촉): The interaction between the senses and the external world.
- Feeling (vedana,受,수): The experience of pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral sensations.
- Craving (tanha,愛): Attachment and desire arising from feeling.
- Clinging (upadana,取,취): Holding onto things, thoughts, and experiences.
- Existence (bhava,有): The cycle of rebirth and becoming.
- Birth (jati,生): The process of being reborn.
- Aging, Suffering, and Death (jara-marana,老死): The inevitable end of life.
1. Ignorance (avidya,無明): The root cause of suffering, leading to the cycle of rebirth.
The word '無明' literally means 'no light'. It is understood in the Buddhist term, more specifically as ignorance of the Four Noble Truths.
Ignorance of the Four Noble Truths means not knowing about (1) what is suffering, (2) the causes of suffering, (3) the cessation of suffering, and (4) the path leading to the cessation of suffering (the Eightfold Path).
It is easy to think that being ignorant is not a sin, but in fact, the greatest sins arise from being ignorant. We commit sins because we do not know; we commit evil deeds because we are ignorant of the law of causal effects of karmic consequences.
2. Volitional Activities (sankhara,行): Karma, Conditioned act (有爲,유위) and intentions arising from ignorance.
3. Consciousness (vijnana,識): The mind that perceives and experiences.
4. Name and Form (nama-rupa, 名色): The body and mind, arising from consciousness.
5. Six Sense Bases (sadayatana, 六入): The six senses (sight, sound, smell, taste, touch, mind).
The six sense bases or the six cognitive functions which are sight, hearing, smelling, tasting, body-sensing, and brain-processing.
The six sense bases are:
- Eye and seeing
- Ear and hearing
- Nose and smelling
- Tongue and tasting
- Body and sensing
- Brain and processing
6. Contact (sparsa,觸,촉): The interaction between the senses and the external world.
7. Feeling (vedana,受,수): The experience of pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral sensations.
8. Craving (tanha,愛): Attachment and desire arising from feeling.
Kama-tanha: Craving for sensual pleasures.
Bhava-tanha: Craving for existence and attachment to a fixed (ego identity) versus impermanent self identity.
Vibhava-tanha: Craving for non-existence or to avoid pain and suffering.
9. Clinging (upadana,取,취): Holding onto things, thoughts, and experiences.
Kāmupādāna: Clinging to sensual pleasures.
Ditthupādāna: Clinging to views or beliefs.
Silabbatupādāna: Clinging to rules and rituals.
Attavādupādāna: Clinging to the idea of a self or ego.
10, Existence (bhava,有): The cycle of rebirth and becoming.
11. Birth (jati,生): The process of being reborn.
12. Aging and Death (jara-marana,老死): The inevitable end of life.
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